Spiraling radial menus in computer systems

ABSTRACT

The present invention is generally related to graphical user interfaces (GUIs), and more specifically to displaying items in a radial menu. The radial menu may include a first number of locations for displaying radial menu items. Embodiments of the invention facilitate displaying a second number of radial menu items in the radial menu, the second number being greater than the first number. For example, in some embodiments, performing a radial gesture may allow the second number of radial menu items to spiral through the locations of the radial menu.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is generally related to graphical user interfaces (GUIs), and more specifically to displaying items in a radial menu.

2. Description of the Related Art

Most modern computers include applications that allow a user to interact with the application while performing operations associated with the applications. For example, an application may be configured to receive commands from the user to display data, modify data, initiate a particular task, and the like. In the past, user interaction with applications was facilitated by a command line interface. The command line interface allowed users to type predefined commands to interact with an application. However, command line interfaces require users to memorize large lists of commands to communicate with each application.

More recently, user interaction with applications has involved the use of graphical user interfaces, or GUIs. For example, most applications today are configured to display a window including a menu bar on a display screen. The menu bar may include one or more pull down menus including lists of functions and commands that may be used to interact with the application.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is generally related to graphical user interfaces (GUIs), and more specifically to displaying items in a radial menu.

One embodiment of the invention provides a computer implemented method for displaying a radial menu. The method generally comprises receiving an event to display the radial menu, the radial menu comprising a first number of locations for displaying a first number of radial menu items from a predefined sequential list of radial menu items, the predefined sequential list comprising a second number of radial menu items, wherein the second number is greater than the first number. In response to receiving event, the radial menu may be displayed, wherein each location of the first number of locations comprises a radial menu item from the predefined sequential list of radial menu items. The method further comprises receiving a gesture of a screen pointer, wherein the gesture activates a radial menu item displayed in the radial menu, and in response to the activation of the radial menu item, displaying at least one of a predefined number of radial menu items located before the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items and a predefined number of radial menu items located after the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items at one or more of the locations for displaying radial menu items.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a computer readable storage medium comprising a program product which, when executed by a processor is configured to perform an operation for displaying a radial menu. The operation generally comprises receiving an event to display the radial menu, the radial menu comprising a first number of locations for displaying a first number of radial menu items from a predefined sequential list of radial menu items, the predefined sequential list comprising a second number of radial menu items, wherein the second number is greater than the first number. In response to receiving event, the radial menu may be displayed, wherein each location of the first number of locations comprises a radial menu item from the predefined sequential list of radial menu items. The operation further comprises receiving a gesture of a screen pointer, wherein the gesture activates a radial menu item displayed in the radial menu, and in response to the activation of the radial menu item, displaying at least one of a predefined number of radial menu items located before the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items and a predefined number of radial menu items located after the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items at one or more of the locations for displaying radial menu items.

Yet another embodiment of the invention provides a system, generally comprising a memory comprising a program and a processor. The processor, when executing the program is generally configured to receive an event to display the radial menu, the radial menu comprising a first number of locations for displaying a first number of radial menu items from a predefined sequential list of radial menu items, the predefined sequential list comprising a second number of radial menu items, wherein the second number is greater than the first number, and in response to receiving event, display the radial menu, wherein each location of the first number of locations comprises a radial menu item from the predefined sequential list of radial menu items. The processor is further configured to receive a gesture of a screen pointer, wherein the gesture activates a radial menu item displayed in the radial menu, and in response to the activation of the radial menu item, display at least one of a predefined number of radial menu items located before the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items and a predefined number of radial menu items located after the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items at one or more of the locations for displaying radial menu items.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the manner in which the above recited features, advantages and objects of the present invention are attained and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.

It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates a drop-down menu according to the prior art.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary system according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary radial menu according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate further exemplary radial menus according to embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary screen pointer event for displaying a radial menu, according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary stroke according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate exemplary strokes for selecting a radial menu item, according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7D illustrates an exemplary graphical user interface for defining gestures, according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary selection zone according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates another exemplary selection zone according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate exemplary radial menus according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 12A-C illustrate an exemplary slider and an ordered list of radial menu items according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIGS. 13, 14A-E, 15A-B, 16, 17, and 18A-B illustrate exemplary spiraling radial menus according to embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram of exemplary operations performed while displaying a radial menu according to an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is generally related to graphical user interfaces (GUIs), and more specifically to displaying items in a radial menu. The radial menu may include a first number of locations for displaying radial menu items. Embodiments of the invention facilitate displaying a second number of radial menu items in the radial menu, the second number being greater than the first number. For example, in some embodiments, performing a radial gesture may allow the second number of radial menu items to spiral through the locations of the radial menu.

In the following, reference is made to embodiments of the invention. However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to specific described embodiments. Instead, any combination of the following features and elements, whether related to different embodiments or not, is contemplated to implement and practice the invention. Furthermore, in various embodiments the invention provides numerous advantages over the prior art. However, although embodiments of the invention may achieve advantages over other possible solutions and/or over the prior art, whether or not a particular advantage is achieved by a given embodiment is not limiting of the invention. Thus, the following aspects, features, embodiments and advantages are merely illustrative and are not considered elements or limitations of the appended claims except where explicitly recited in a claim(s). Likewise, reference to “the invention” shall not be construed as a generalization of any inventive subject matter disclosed herein and shall not be considered to be an element or limitation of the appended claims except where explicitly recited in a claim(s).

One embodiment of the invention is implemented as a program product for use with a computer system. The program(s) of the program product defines functions of the embodiments (including the methods described herein) and can be contained on a variety of computer-readable storage media. Illustrative computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: (i) non-writable storage media (e.g., read-only memory devices within a computer such as CD-ROM disks readable by a CD-ROM drive) on which information is permanently stored; (ii) writable storage media (e.g., floppy disks within a diskette drive or hard-disk drive) on which alterable information is stored. Such computer-readable storage media, when carrying computer-readable instructions that direct the functions of the present invention, are embodiments of the present invention. Other media include communications media through which information is conveyed to a computer, such as through a computer or telephone network, including wireless communications networks. The latter embodiment specifically includes transmitting information to/from the Internet and other networks. Such communications media, when carrying computer-readable instructions that direct the functions of the present invention, are embodiments of the present invention. Broadly, computer-readable storage media and communications media may be referred to herein as computer-readable media.

In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the invention, may be part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, module, object, or sequence of instructions. The computer program of the present invention typically is comprised of a multitude of instructions that will be translated by the native computer into a machine-readable format and hence executable instructions. Also, programs are comprised of variables and data structures that either reside locally to the program or are found in memory or on storage devices. In addition, various programs described hereinafter may be identified based upon the application for which they are implemented in a specific embodiment of the invention. However, it should be appreciated that any particular program nomenclature that follows is used merely for convenience, and thus the invention should not be limited to use solely in any specific application identified and/or implied by such nomenclature.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary graphical user interface (GUI) 100 according to the prior art. GUI 100 may be displayed on a display screen, such as, for example, a computer monitor to facilitate communication between a user and an application. The GUI 100 may include a menu bar 120 having a plurality of menus including, for example, the File menu, Edit menu, View menu, Tools menu, and Help menu, as illustrated in FIG. 1. A particular menu may be selected from the menu bar, for example, by clicking on a desired menu using a mouse. Each of the menus in the menu bar 120 are drop down menus. Therefore, when a particular menu is selected, a list of items in the menu is displayed.

A particular item may be selected from a drop down menu by moving the mouse pointer vertically up and down the list until the mouse pointer is above a desired item. Selecting a menu item may include performing a second mouse click to select the desired item. For example, a first mouse click on a desired menu may display menu items in a drop down list. A user may then move a mouse pointer vertically up and/or down until the mouse pointer is over a desired menu item. Once the mouse pointer is above the desired menu item, a second click of the mouse may result in the selection of the menu item.

In some cases, a menu item may be a sub-menu. For example, the Send To item of the File Menu may be a sub-menu. Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 1, moving the mouse pointer over the Send To item may result in a cascaded sub-menu 122 to be displayed. Each cascaded sub-menu may have its own cascaded sub menu, which may result in several cascaded sub-menus being displayed before the desired item is selected.

However, menu bars and drop down menus are not efficient at allowing a user to quickly select a desired item. First, selecting a menu item requires at least two mouse clicks as described above. Second, in drop down menus having a large number of items, the menu items may be closely spaced, which may require the user to scan up and down along the menu several times before a desired item is found. Furthermore, drop down menus with a large number of closely spaced items have an increased probability of erroneous selection of menu items.

The inefficiency of drop down menus may adversely affect users of applications where a fast response time is desired from the user while interacting with the applications. For example, in a gaming application a user's response time in responding to a particular circumstance in the game may be critical to the user's performance in the game. As an example, in a game where performance is determined by the user's ability to defeat opponents in a fight, the ability of the user to detect and quickly attack opponents may be crucial to performing successfully completing the game.

Embodiments of the invention provide radial menus that allow users to quickly make selections of menu items using a set of predefined gestures. The predefined gestures may include simple and/or complex gestures. The terms “simple” and “complex” as used herein are not meant to be limiting on the invention. Rather, the terms “simple” and “complex” are used to illustrate that a wide range of different gestures may be used to facilitate interaction between a user and a radial menu.

In one embodiment, a radial menu may be displayed on a display screen in response to detecting a predefined screen pointer event such as a mouse click. Other screen pointer events may include touching the display screen with a finger or stylus pen, pressing one or more keys on a keyboard, receiving a voice command, and the like. Thereafter, a complex gesture may be made using the screen pointer to select the active radial menu item.

Exemplary System

FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of a system 200 in which embodiments of the invention may be implemented. The system 200 may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 211 connected via a bus 220 to a memory 212, storage 216, an input device 217, an output device 218, and a network interface device 219. The input device 217 can be any device to give input to the system 200. For example, a keyboard, keypad, light-pen, touch-screen, track-ball, or speech recognition unit, audio/video player, and the like could be used. The output device 218 can be any device to give output to the user, e.g., any conventional display screen. Although shown separately from the input device 217, the output device 218 and input device 217 could be combined. For example, a display screen with an integrated touch-screen, a display with an integrated keyboard, or a speech recognition unit combined with a text speech converter could be used.

The network interface device 219 may be any entry/exit device configured to allow network communications between the system 200 and one or more other devices 291 via a network 290. For example, the network interface device 119 may be a network adapter or other network interface card (NIC).

Storage 216 is preferably a Direct Access Storage Device (DASD). Although it is shown as a single unit, it could be a combination of fixed and/or removable storage devices, such as fixed disc drives, floppy disc drives, tape drives, removable memory cards, or optical storage. The memory 212 and storage 216 could be part of one virtual address space spanning multiple primary and secondary storage devices.

The memory 212 is preferably a random access memory sufficiently large to hold the necessary programming and data structures of the invention. While memory 212 is shown as a single entity, it should be understood that memory 212 may in fact comprise a plurality of modules, and that memory 212 may exist at multiple levels, from high speed registers and caches to lower speed but larger DRAM chips.

Illustratively, the memory 212 contains an operating system 213. Illustrative operating systems, which may be used to advantage, include Linux (Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the US, other countries, or both) and Microsoft's Windows®. More generally, any operating system supporting the functions disclosed herein may be used.

Memory 212 may also include one or more applications 214. The applications 214 may be software products comprising a plurality of instructions that are resident at various times in memory and storage devices in the computer system 200. When read and executed by one or more CPU 211, the applications 214 may cause the computer system 200 to perform the steps necessary to execute steps or elements embodying the various aspects of the invention.

In one embodiment, the applications 214 may include a menu manager program 215, which may be configured to display a radial menu on the output device 218, and detect selection of one or more radial menu items, as is discussed in greater detail below. In some embodiments the application program 214 and menu manager 215 may reside on a networked computer device 291 and may be configured to manage radial menus on the output device 118 of computer system 200. The applications 214 may also include user preferences 221. The user preferences 221 may determine one or more characteristics of radial menus, for example, the displaying of radial menus, making selections from radial menus, and the like, as will be discussed in greater detail below.

Exemplary Radial Menus

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary radial menu 300, according to an embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment, the radial menu 300 may be displayed in an application window 100 by the menu manager 215, as illustrated in FIG. 3. However, in alternative embodiments, the menu manager 215 may be configured to display the radial menu 300 at any location on a screen, whether inside or outside a window.

In general, the radial menu 300 may include a center 310 and a plurality of radial menu items 320 placed radially outwards from the center 310. For purposes of illustration, the radial menu 300 is assumed to be associated with an image editing software. Accordingly, the radial menu items 320 displayed in FIG. 3 include “Previous Image”, “Next Image”, “Annotate”, “Rotate Clockwise”, “Rotate Counterclockwise”, “Save”, “Exit”, and “Delete”. In a particular embodiment, the radial menu 300 may include between 6 and 8 radial menu items, however, any reasonable number of radial menu items may be included in the radial menu 300 in other embodiments.

The radial menu items 320 may be selected by using a screen pointer such as, for example, a mouse pointer, a stylus pen, trackball pointer, and the like, as is described in greater detail below. Each of the radial menu items 320 may be associated with commands and/or functions that may be used to communicate with an application 114 associated with the radial menu 300. For example, the “Next Image” radial menu item, when selected, may cause a new image to be displayed in an application content area 130 of window 100 in FIG. 3. As another example, the “Annotate” radial menu item, when selected, may launch a function that may allow a user to insert annotations for an image displayed in the application content area 130. In some embodiments, selecting a radial menu item may result in a second or cascaded radial menu to be displayed.

In one embodiment of the invention, the radial menu items 320 may be displayed as a “pie slices” 320, as illustrated in FIG. 3. However, in alternative embodiments, the radial menu items may have any reasonable shape that allows a plurality of radial menu items 320 to be displayed radially outwards from the center 310. FIGS. 4A and 4B, illustrate some alternative shapes for the radial menu items 320. Furthermore, while a circular radial menu 300 is illustrated in FIG. 3, in alternative embodiments, the radial menu 300 may be semicircular, quadra circular, or any other radial shape. For example, FIG. 4C illustrates a semicircular radial menu, according to an embodiment of the invention.

The radial menu 300 may be a pop-up menu that is displayed upon the occurrence of a predefined screen pointer event. For example, in one embodiment, the menu manager 215 may be configured to display the radial menu 300 on a screen (for example, in window 100) upon detecting a mouse click. In a particular embodiment, the radial menu 300 may be displayed when a right button of a mouse is clicked. While using mouse clicks to display radial menus is described herein, alternative screen pointer events that may cause a radial menu to appear may include, for example, touching a screen with a stylus pen or finger, pressing one or more keys on a keyboard, receiving a voice command, and the like.

In one embodiment of the invention, the menu manager 215 may display the radial menu such that the center of the radial menu aligns with the screen pointer. FIG. 5 illustrates a radial menu 300 displayed such that the center 310 of the radial menu 300 aligns with a location 520 of a screen pointer 510. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the screen pointer may be a mouse pointer and the location 520 may be a location of the mouse pointer when the mouse is clicked. Alternatively the location 520 may be the location where a stylus pen or finger touches a display screen.

Selection of a radial menu item from a radial menu may involve moving the screen pointer 510 in the direction of a desired radial menu item 320. For example, to select the “Annotate” radial menu item, the screen pointer may be moved straight up (in a generally 90 degrees direction) towards the pie slice of the “Annotate” radial menu item. The moving of the screen pointer on the display screen is generally referred to hereinafter as a “stroke” or a gesture (the terms gesture and stroke are used interchangeably herein). In the case of a mouse pointer, strokes may be performed by simply moving the mouse on a mouse pad. While using a stylus pen or finger on a touch screen, the finger or stylus pen may simply be dragged across the screen to perform a stroke.

The gestures used for selecting radial menu items may be selected from a predefined set of gestures. The predefined set of gestures may include any combination of simple and/or complex predefined gestures. In other words, a wide range of different gestures may be defined to facilitate interaction between a user and the radial menu. As an example, simple gestures may include movement of a screen pointer in a single direction. Complex gestures may include movement of a screen pointer in multiple directions. In one embodiment, performing the gestures may also include other screen pointer events such as, for example, button click downs, button release, and the like. For example, in some embodiments, the gestures may be performed while a mouse button is clicked down. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the gestures may be performed before, after, or in between one or more screen pointer events such as, for example, in between mouse button click down and releases.

In one embodiment, placing the screen pointer over a radial menu item 320 may cause the radial menu item to become active. When a radial menu item 320 is active, the occurrence of a selection event, such as, for example, a mouse click, may cause the radial menu item 320 to be selected. In one embodiment of the invention, the menu manager 215 may be configured to provide a visual indication to identify an active radial menu item.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary stroke 610 which results in the activation of a radial menu item, according to an embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the stroke 610 moves the screen pointer over the “Annotate” radial menu item. As a result, the menu manager 215 may change the background color of the “Annotate” pie slice, which is indicated by the shading of the “Annotate” pie slice in FIG. 6. The change in color may identify the “Annotate” radial menu item as the active item. Other methods for providing a visual indication such as, for example, bold facing the letters of the active radial menu item, dimming or fading the pie slices or letters of non-active radial menu items, and the like, are also contemplated. While a straight line stroke is illustrated in FIG. 6, the stroke 610 may include any movement in any and/or multiple directions on a display screen in alternative embodiments.

In one embodiment, the center 310 of the radial menu 300 may be an inactive center. In other words, no radial menu items 320 may be active while the screen pointer 510 lies over the center portion 310. Therefore, when the menu manager 215 aligns the center 310 of the radial menu when the radial menu is displayed as described above, no radial menu items 320 may be initially active. Thereafter, user strokes may cause one or more radial menu items to become active. If the user strokes return the screen pointer to the center 310, all radial menu items may again become inactive.

One embodiment of the invention may allow radial menu items 320 to be selected using multiple gestures. In some embodiments, the gestures may include one or more screen pointer events such as, for example, mouse downs (pressing a mouse button), mouse offs (releasing the mouse button), touching a screen with a stylus pen or finger, removing stylus pen or finger from the screen and the like. The menu manager 215 may be configured to analyze gestures performed on a display screen to determine whether a radial menu item is selected. In one embodiment, a plurality of predefined gestures may correspond to respective menu item selections.

For example, exemplary gestures for selecting a radial menu item may include performing a first mouse click, i.e., a mouse down (pressing a mouse button) and mouse up (releasing the mouse button). The first mouse click may display a radial menu, for example, the radial menu 300 on the display screen. Thereafter, one or more gestures may be performed to move the mouse pointer over a desired radial menu item 320. As discussed above, menu manager 215 may provide a visual indication that the desired radial menu item is active. When the mouse pointer is over the desired radial menu item, the mouse may be clicked a second time. Because the second mouse click occurred while the mouse pointer is above a radial menu item 320, the menu manager may determine that a radial menu item selection has occurred. Therefore, the menu manager 215 may cause a command or function associated with the selected radial menu item to be executed.

In one embodiment of the invention, the gestures for selecting a radial menu item may include a first mouse click (i.e., a mouse down and release) that causes a radial menu to be displayed on the display screen, a first gesture configured to activate a radial menu item, and a predefined second gesture that is configured to select the radial menu item. FIG. 7A illustrates exemplary first and second gestures according to an embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in FIG. 7A, a first gesture 710 may move the screen pointer 510 from a center 310 of the radial menu to the “Annotate” radial menu item. Thereafter, a predefined second gesture may be performed to select the “Annotate” radial menu item. As illustrated in FIG. 7A, predefined second gesture may involve moving the screen pointer in a zigzag back and forth motion over a same path. If the predefined back and forth motion is detected by the menu manager while the screen pointer is over a radial menu item, the radial menu item may be selected.

Any reasonable predefined movement of the screen pointer 510 may be used as a radial menu selection event. FIG. 7B illustrates an alternative predefined second motion that may result in the selection of a radial menu item. As illustrated in FIG. 7B, a first gesture may move the screen pointer 510 from a center 310 of the radial menu to the “Annotate” radial menu item. A predefined second gesture may move the screen pointer back in a direction towards the center 310, which may result in the selection of the “Annotate” radial menu item. Still another alternative predefined second gestures may include substantially circular and/or semi-circular movement of the screen pointer over the radial menu item.

In another embodiment, the gestures for selecting a radial menu item may involve a mouse button click down (without release), a first gesture for activating a radial menu item, and a second predefined gesture for selecting the radial menu item. The mouse button may be released after selection of the radial menu item. The mouse button click down may cause a radial menu to be displayed. The first gesture and predefined second gesture may function as described above.

In some embodiments, if a second predefined gesture is not received within a predefined period of time after activation of the radial menu, the menu manager 215 may be configured to close the radial menu. Closing the radial menu may involve removing the radial menu from the display screen. In some embodiments, the predefined period of time may begin after completion of the first gesture, e.g., after the screen pointer stops moving. For example, a screen pointer event may cause the radial menu to be displayed. Thereafter, a first gesture may be completed to activate a radial menu item. If the predefined second gesture is not received within the predefined period of time after completion of the first gesture, the radial menu may be closed by the menu manager 215.

In yet another embodiment, the menu manager 215 may select an active radial menu item if the radial menu item has been active for a predefined period of time. Accordingly, the gesture for selecting a radial menu item may involve a mouse button click down (with or without release), and a first gesture for activating a radial menu item. The mouse button click down may cause a radial menu to be displayed. The first stroke may function as described above to activate a radial menu item. The menu manager 215 may monitor the time for which a particular radial menu item has been active, and select the radial menu item after the predefined period of time.

While the first gesture is illustrated as a straight line from the center 310 of the radial menu to a desired radial menu element 320, in some embodiments, the first gesture may include movement along any part of the display screen. For example, a user may initially move the screen pointer in the direction of a first radial menu item, but then decide to choose a second radial menu item instead. Accordingly, the user may move the screen pointer across the screen until the desired second radial menu item is activated. Once the second radial menu item is activated, the user may perform the predefined second gesture to select the second radial menu item.

FIG. 7C illustrates exemplary first and second gestures according to another embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in FIG. 7C, the first gesture 710 may include an initial movement towards a first radial menu item (“Annotate”). The first stroke 710 may continue to move across the screen until a second radial menu item (“Delete”) is activated, as indicated by the shading. Thereafter, a predefined second gesture 720 may be performed to select the second radial menu item. In some embodiments, the first gesture may include movement over multiple radial menu items until a desired radial menu item is activated.

In one embodiment of the invention, gestures for selecting a radial menu item may include a first mouse click (i.e., a mouse down and release) that causes a radial menu to be displayed on the display screen, and a first gesture configured to activate and select the radial menu item. The first gesture may activate a menu item 320 when the mouse pointer is moved thereon. Furthermore, the menu manager 215 may be configured to analyze a speed of the screen pointer during the first stroke. If the speed exceeds (or falls below) a predefined threshold value, the activated radial menu item may be selected. The threshold speed values may be user configurable in some embodiments. For example, the threshold speed values may be defined by a user in the user preferences 221 (See FIG. 2).

In one embodiment of the invention, different gestures may be defined for interacting with different parts of the radial menu. For example, in one embodiment, a first predefined stroke may be defined for selecting radial menu items located on a first side, for example, the right side of the radial menu, and a second predefined stroke may be defined for selecting radial menu items located on a second side, for example, the left side of the radial menu. In alternative embodiment, the same stroke may result in different results in different parts of the radial menu. For example, in one embodiment, a predefined stroke performed on a first side of the radial menu may result in the activation of a radial menu item. However, performing the same predefined stroke on a second side of the radial menu may result in a radial menu item being selected.

In one embodiment of the invention, a user may be allowed to define the particular gestures for selecting items from a radial menu. For example, in one embodiment, the application 114 may be configured to display a graphical user interface that allows a user to define a gesture for selecting radial menu items. The user defined gesture may be stored in the user preferences 221, in one embodiment. FIG. 7D illustrates an exemplary graphical user interface for defining a gesture for selecting radial menu items. As illustrated in FIG. 7D, the user preferences 221 may include a first column for defining screen pointer movement (or strokes), a second column 762 for defining mouse button input, and a third column 763 for defining an action performed based on the defined inputs in columns 761 and 762.

As illustrated in FIG. 7D, the GUI 760 may include a plurality of drop down menus 767 for defining the particular inputs and the actions performed in response to the inputs. Alternatively, the GUI may include radio buttons, text boxes, check boxes, and the like for defining the inputs and actions. In some embodiments, the GUI 760 may include a screen where the input (for example, strokes and mouse clicks) may be performed to define the inputs and/or actions.

The first row 764 defines an exemplary screen pointer event, i.e, right mouse button click down, that results in a radial menu being displayed. Alternatively, a right mouse down event and mouse up event may also be selected as a predefined screen pointer event for displaying a radial menu. As can be seen in row 764 of FIG. 7D, the no screen pointer movement has been defined. In alternative embodiments, the user may define a screen pointer movement for displaying the radial menu instead of (or in addition to) the right button mouse down.

Row 765 illustrates inputs for activating radial menu items. As illustrated, radial menu items may be activated when the right mouse button is held down and the screen pointer is moved in any direction as illustrated by the symbol in row 765, column 761. Alternatively, a user may choose to select a straight line movement of the screen pointer for selecting radial menu items. Row 766 illustrates a predefined second stroke, i.e., a circular stroke, for selecting a radial menu item. Row 767 illustrates a mouse button click off. While no action is shown for the mouse up event on FIG. 7D, in some embodiments, the mouse up event may result in predefined action, for example, selection of the radial menu item, removing of the radial menu from the display screen, or the like.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be possible to select radial menu items even though a selection event occurs outside the bounds of the radial menu. FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary radial menu 300 comprising a plurality of extra-territorial zones 810 ₁₋₈ associated with respective radial menu items 320. As shown in FIG. 8, the zones 810 ₁₋₈ may be outside the visible bounds of the radial menu 300. As shown in FIG. 8, the outside bounds of the radial menu 300 are demarcated by a circle 301. The circle 301 is merely illustrative. In other embodiments, any visible geometric shape 301 is contemplated. In one embodiment of the invention, if a screen pointer is in a zone 810, the radial menu item 320 associated with the zone 810 may be active. Accordingly, if a selection event occurs in the zone 810, a selection of the radial menu item associated with the zone 810 may occur. In other words, a pie slice of the radial menu item 320 and a respective zone 810 may define a selection zone of a radial menu item within which gestures may be performed for selection of the radial menu item.

For example, FIG. 8 illustrates a first stroke 810 which moves the screen pointer 510 across the “Annotate” radial menu item pie slice and into the zone 810 ₃ associated with the “Annotate” radial menu item. As can be seen in FIG. 8, the “Annotate” radial menu item remains active even though the screen pointer is outside the bounds of the radial menu 300. Further as depicted in FIG. 8, a predefined second stroke 720 may occur in the zone 810 ₃ associated with the “Annotate” radial menu item. The menu manager 215 may detect the predefined second stroke in the zone 810 ₃ and cause the respective “Annotate” radial menu item to be selected.

Allowing users to make elongated first strokes such as, for example, the elongated first stroke 710 in FIG. 8 may reduce errors in selection of radial menu items. As can be seen in FIG. 8, the further the screen pointer is moved from the center 310 of the radial menu, the greater the area that is available for making gestures such as, for example, the predefined second gestures. By providing greater area for gestures, the probability of gesture strokes accidentally moving into zones 810 of undesired radial menu items may be reduced.

Furthermore, activating radial menu items as a user performs a first stroke that is outside the bounds of the radial menu item may allow greater precision in the activation of a desired radial menu item. For example, the further the screen pointer 510 is from the center 310, the greater the radial distance that must be travelled by the screen pointer 510 to a zone 810 of an adjacent radial menu item. One skilled in the art will appreciate that allowing a user to move the screen pointer in a wider arcs around the radial menu allows increased precision in activating desired radial menu items.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, in some embodiments the zones 810 may extend to the edges of a display area, for example, to the edges of a display screen, an application window, or the like. In an alternative embodiment, a predefined limited selection zone may be defined outside the bounds of the radial menu for receiving selections of radial menu items. FIG. 9 illustrates a circular perimeter 900 around the radial menu 300 that defines a plurality of zones 910 ₁₋₈ for each of the radial menu items 320. In one embodiment, the perimeter may be made visible to the user, for example, by displaying a solid line, dashed line, shading the zones 910, or the like. The perimeter 900 may have a predefined distance d from the center 310 of the radial menu 300. For example, the perimeter d may be defined by a user in the user preferences 221 illustrated in FIG. 2. While a circular perimeter is shown herein, in alternative embodiments the perimeter 900 may have any reasonable shape that encompasses the radial menu 300. The dimensions of the perimeter may be user configurable in some embodiments.

In one embodiment of the invention, a predefined second stroke as described above, if performed within a zone 910, may result in the selection of a respective radial menu item 320. If a screen pointer is moved outside the perimeter 900, all radial menu items 320 may become inactive. Therefore, if the predefined second stroke is performed outside the perimeter 900, a radial menu item 320 may not be selected, thus creating a non-selective zone in the direction of a gesture if the user changes his/her mind regarding selection.

In one embodiment of the invention, selecting a radial menu item 320 may involve performing the first stroke followed by a predefined second stroke as described above. The first stroke may include moving the screen pointer in and out of the perimeter 900. An exemplary first stroke 710 is illustrated in FIG. 9. As illustrated, the first stroke 710 may begin with a movement of the mouse pointer towards a first radial menu item (“Previous Image”). As the screen pointer is moved across the pie slice representing the first radial menu item and the zone 910 associated therewith, the menu manager 215 may activate the first radial menu item. However, when the screen pointer moves outside the perimeter 900, the first radial menu item may be deactivated by the menu manager 215.

As illustrated further in FIG. 9, the first stroke may continue to move the screen pointer outside the perimeter 900 and reenter the perimeter 900 in a zone 910 associated with a second radial menu item (“Rotate Counterclockwise”). When the screen pointer enters the zone 910 associated with the second radial menu item, the menu manager 215 may activate the second menu item. However, when the screen pointer moves outside the perimeter 900 again, the second radial menu item may be deactivated by the menu manager 215.

The screen pointer may be moved in and out of the perimeter 900 several times as described above, which may result in the activation and deactivation of several radial menu items. FIG. 9, depicts the first stroke terminating in a selection zone of a third radial menu item (“Exit”), thereby activating the third radial menu item as illustrated. A predefined second stroke 720 associated with the activated menu item is also shown, which may result in the selection of the third radial menu item. In a particular embodiment, the selection may occur upon the release of a pressed mouse button.

In one embodiment of the invention, moving the screen pointer outside the perimeter 900 may result in the radial menu 300 being removed from the display screen. This may allow a user to cancel or remove the radial menu from the screen in a fluid gesture without additional actions. For example, if a user causes a radial menu to be displayed on the screen (by clicking a mouse button for example), and decides that he no longer wants to make a selection from the radial menu, the user may simply make an elongated straight line first stroke that would take the screen pointer outside the predefined perimeter 900. Upon detecting that the screen pointer is outside the perimeter 900, the menu manager 215 may remove the radial menu from the display screen.

Spiraling Radial Menus

The radial menus illustrated herein are generally shown containing 8 “pie slices”. As discussed above, in particular embodiments, the radial menus may be limited to between six and eight pie slices because, within this range, the greatest accuracy and efficiency for selecting radial menu items may be achieved using gestures described above. However, it is possible that the total number of menu items available for user selection is greater than the number of pie slices in the radial menu. For example, if a total of 14 radial menu items are available, only 8 of the 14 available menu items may be displayed in a radial menu having 8 pie slices. Some embodiments of the invention provide spiraling radial menus that allow a number of menu items greater than the number of pie slices of the radial menu to be displayed in the radial menu.

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary radial menu 1000 according to an embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in FIG. 10, radial menu 1000 may include a plurality of pie slices 1010. For example, radial menu 1000, as shown, includes eight pie slices 1010. Each of the pie slices may have a respective radial menu item therein. For example, the radial menu items I-P may are shown in the radial menu 1000 in FIG. 10. In one embodiment, the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu 1000 may be a subset of a plurality of available radial menu items. For example, the radial menu items I-P may be a subset of a plurality of available radial menu items A-Z.

In one embodiment of the invention, upon receiving a screen pointer event for displaying a radial menu, the menu manager 215 may be configured to display a predefined subset of the plurality of available radial menu items in the radial menu. In a particular embodiment, the predefined subset of radial menu items may be the most popular (or most likely to be selected) radial menu items of the plurality of available radial menu items. For example, in FIG. 10, the radial menu items I-P may be the most likely to be selected radial menu items from the set of available radial menu items A-Z.

In one embodiment of the invention, the plurality of available radial menu items may have a predetermined sequential order. As an example, the predetermined sequential order for the set of available radial menu items A-Z may be the alphabetical order. In one embodiment of the invention, only a continuous sequence of the predetermined sequential order of available radial menu items may be displayed in the radial menu. For example, the radial menu I-P are shown arranged in an alphabetical order going around the radial menu in a clock-wise direction. In an alternative embodiment, the radial menu items may be arranged in the radial menu 1000 in the predetermined sequential order in a counter-clockwise direction.

In a particular embodiment, upon receiving a gesture activating a radial menu items in the radial menu 1000, the menu manager 215 may be configured to update radial menu 1000 such that a predefined number of radial menu items prior to and/or after the activated radial menu item in the predetermined sequential order are displayed in the radial menu. For example, FIG. 10 illustrates a first gesture 1020 that moves a screen pointer 1050 from the center 1030 of the radial menu 1000 to the radial menu item 1, thereby activating the radial menu item, as shown by the shading of the pie slice containing radial menu item 1.

FIG. 11 illustrates the radial menu 1000, after the menu manager 215 updates the radial menu 1000 in response to detecting the activation of radial menu item 1. As illustrated in FIG. 11, a predefined number of radial menu items (3, in this case) F-H that are prior to the activated radial menu item I in the predetermined sequential order, and a predefined number (4, in this case) J-M after the activated radial menu item I in the predetermined sequential order have been displayed in the radial menu 1000.

In one embodiment of the invention, a visual indication illustrating the first and last radial menu items of a given order may be provided. For example, in FIG. 10 a double line is shown separating the pie slices containing radial menu items I and P. Similarly, in FIG. 11, a double line is shown separating the pie slices including radial menu items F and M. While a double line is described herein, any other reasonable visual indication such as, for example, an arrow pointing at the first and last radial menu items, shading of the pie slices, and the like may also be used as the visual indication.

Conceptually, the radial menu 1000 may be viewed as a logical slider that may move up and down a list comprising the radial menu items arranged in the predetermined sequential order. For example, FIG. 12A illustrates an exemplary logical slider 1200 comprising 8 available spaces. The 8 available spaces may correspond to the 8 pie slices 1010 of radial menu 1000. In one embodiment of the invention, a particular one of the spaces in the slider 1200 may be designated as a location of an activated radial menu item. For example, in one embodiment, location 4 may be designated as the location for an activated radial menu item. However, in alternative embodiments, any one of the locations 1-8 in the slider 1200 may be designated as the location for an activated radial menu item.

FIG. 12B illustrates the location of the slider 1200 in the list of available radial menu items A-Z arranged in a predetermined sequential order (alphabetical order, in this case), when the radial menu 1000 is initially displayed as shown in FIG. 10. Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 12B, the slider 1200 includes the radial menu items I-P. FIG. 12C illustrates the logical slider 1200 after the radial menu item I has been activated. Because space 4 of the logical slider 1200 may have been designated as the location for an activated radial menu item, the logical slider 1200 is moved such that space 4 of the logical slider includes the radial menu item 1. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 12C, moving the logical slider results in the items F-H and J-M being included in the logical slider. Accordingly, the items F-M are displayed in the radial menu 1000, as illustrated in FIG. 11.

In one embodiment of the invention, moving a screen pointer around a center 1030 of the radial menu 1000 may result in the radial menu items from the set of available radial menu items being presented in the radial menu in a spiraling manner. For example, FIG. 13 illustrates a gesture 1310 that moves a screen pointer 1050 around the center 1030 of the radial menu 1000. As the screen pointer 1050 moves over a predefined selection zone of each item in the radial menu, menu manager 215 may be configured to activate the radial menu item and update the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu 1000, as described above.

Because the radial menu items may be arranged in the radial menu in the predetermined sequential order, moving the screen pointer around the radial menu may result in the radial menu items being activated in a sequential order when a gesture moves the screen pointer around the radial menu as shown in FIG. 13. As each radial menu item is activated in the predetermined sequential order, the radial menu 1000 may be updated such that a predefined number of radial menu items prior to and/or after the activated radial menu item in the predetermined sequential order are displayed in the radial menu, as described above.

The activation of radial menu items in the sequential order, and the updating of radial menu items in the radial menu may be analogous to sliding the slider up or down the predetermined ordered list of radial menu items A-Z. As the radial menu items from the predetermined ordered list of radial menu items A-Z are displayed sequentially in the radial menu 1000, it may look like the screen pointer 1050 spirals up or down the list of radial menu items A-Z in the radial menu 1000.

FIGS. 14A-E illustrate the progressive updates to the radial menu 1000 as a result of receiving the stroke 1310 illustrated in FIG. 13. FIG. 14A illustrates the radial menu 1000 when the screen pointer 1050 first activates the radial menu item I. For the purposes of this example, it is assumed that the menu manager 215 is configured to display three radial menu items before and four radial menu items after the activated radial menu item in the sequential order within the radial menu 1000. Accordingly, when the radial menu item I is activated, the radial menu items F-M are presented in the radial menu 1000, as illustrated in FIG. 14A.

As the screen pointer 1050 moves over the radial menu item J (from the radial menu item I), the radial menu item J may be activated. The menu manager 215 may accordingly update the radial menu such that the radial menu items G-N are displayed in the radial menu 1000, as illustrated in FIG. 14B. When the screen pointer 1050 continues to move over the radial menu item K, radial menu item K may be activated, and the radial menu 1000 may be updated to display radial menu items H-O, as illustrated in FIG. 14C.

When the screen pointer 1050 next moves over the radial menu item L, radial menu item L may be activated, and the radial menu 1000 may be updated to display radial menu items I-P, as illustrated in FIG. 14D. Finally, when the screen pointer 1050 continues to move over the radial menu item M, radial menu item M may be activated, and the radial menu 1000 may be updated to display radial menu items J-Q, as illustrated in FIG. 14E.

While activation of radial menu items in a sequential order is described hereinabove, in alternative embodiments, the radial menu items need not be activated in a sequential order. FIG. 15A illustrates an exemplary first gesture 1510 that activates a first radial menu item O in a radial menu 1500. As a result of activation of the radial menu item O, radial menu items L-S may be displayed in the radial menu 1500, as illustrated in FIG. 15A. After receiving the first gesture 1510, a second gesture 1520 may be received. The second gesture may move the screen pointer over the radial menu item S without activating any other radial menu items in the radial menu. Accordingly, menu manager 215 may display radial menu items P-W in the radial menu, as illustrated in FIG. 15B.

FIG. 16 illustrates another exemplary radial menu 1600 according to an embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in FIG. 16, the radial menu item C is shown as an activated radial menu item because a pointer 1610 lies thereon. It is again assumed in this example that the menu manager 215 is configured to display three radial menu items before and four radial menu items after the activated radial menu item in the sequential order within the radial menu 1600. However, because only two radial menu items A and B precede the radial menu item C in the predetermined sequential order (See FIG. 12B), the pie slice 1620 may be left blank.

FIG. 17 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the embodiment in which the menu manager 215 may be configured to loop back to elements at the beginning and the end of the predetermined ordered list of radial menu items so that pie slices in the radial menu are not left blank. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 17, the radial menu item Z is illustrated in the pie slice 1620. Likewise, if a radial menu item at the end of the list is activated one or more radial menu items at the beginning of the list may be displayed in the radial menu so that pie slices are not left blank.

In one embodiment of the invention, menu manager 215 may be configured to display, on a display screen, a visual indication of radial menu items that are not currently provided in the radial menu. For example, FIG. 18A illustrates a radial menu 1800 according to another embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in FIG. 18A, the radial menu 1800 may include radial menu items E-L because, for example, the radial menu item H may be activated.

Further, as illustrated, a first list of radial menu items 1810 preceding the subset of radial menu items E-L displayed in the radial menu 1800 and a second list of radial menu items succeeding the subset of radial menu items E-L displayed in the radial menu 1800 may be provided on the display. The first and second lists may indicate radial menu items that may be displayed in the radial menu 1800 by making radial gestures such as, for example, the gesture 1310 illustrated in FIG. 13. For example, the first list may indicate radial menu items that may be displayed in the radial menu 1800 by making counter clockwise gestures and the second list may indicate items that may be displayed in the radial menu 1800 by making clockwise gestures.

As the radial menu items are updated in the radial menu 1800, the first and second lists may also be updated. For example, FIG. 18A illustrates a clockwise gesture 1830 that moves the screen pointer over radial menu item K. As a result the radial menu item K may be activated and the radial menu 1800 may be updated to display radial menu items H-O, as illustrated in FIG. 18B. Further as illustrated, the first list 1810 is updated to include the radial menu items A-G, and the second list 1820 is updated to include the radial menu items P-Z.

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram of exemplary operations performed by the menu manager 215 to display a plurality of available radial menu items in a radial menu according to an embodiment of the invention. The number of available radial menu items may be greater than the number of pie slices in the radial menu. Furthermore, the available radial menu items may have a predetermined order, as described above. The operations may begin in step 1910 by receiving a predefined screen pointer event for displaying a radial menu. In response to receiving the predefined screen pointer event for displaying a radial menu, the menu manager may display a radial menu including a first set of sequential radial menu items from the ordered list of available radial menu items, in step 1920. In one embodiment of the invention, the first sequential set of radial menu items may include radial menu items that have the greatest probability of being selected.

In step 1930, the menu manager may receive a gesture that moves a screen pointer over a radial menu item displayed in the radial menu, thereby activating the radial menu item. In step 1940, the menu manager 215 may display at least one of a predefined number of radial menu items sequentially before and a predefined number of radial menu items sequentially after the activated radial menu item in the radial menu.

By providing a radial menu capable of displaying a number of radial menu items that is greater than the number of pie slices of the radial menu, embodiments of the invention facilitate the use of radial menus having high selection speed and accuracy without limiting the number of menu items that may be presented.

While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. 

1. A computer implemented method for displaying a radial menu, comprising: receiving an event to display the radial menu, the radial menu comprising a first number of locations for displaying a first number of radial menu items from a predefined sequential list of radial menu items, the predefined sequential list comprising a second number of radial menu items, wherein the second number is greater than the first number; in response to receiving event, displaying the radial menu, wherein each location of the first number of locations comprises a radial menu item from the predefined sequential list of radial menu items; receiving a gesture of a screen pointer, wherein the gesture activates a radial menu item displayed in the radial menu; and in response to the activation of the radial menu item, displaying at least one of a predefined number of radial menu items located before the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items and a predefined number of radial menu items located after the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items at one or more of the locations for displaying radial menu items.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein displaying the radial menu comprises displaying radial menu items having the highest probability of being selected at the locations for displaying radial menu items.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the gesture activates a plurality of radial menu items displayed in the radial menu, wherein the plurality of radial menu items are activated in a sequential order corresponding to the sequence of radial menu items in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a first list of radial menu items in a display screen comprising the radial menu, the first list comprising sequential radial menu items from the predefined sequential list that are before the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising displaying a second list of radial menu items in the display screen, the second list comprising sequential radial menu items from the predefined sequential list that are after the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu.
 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising updating the first list and the second list each time the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu are changed.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the screen pointer is one of a mouse pointer, a stylus pen, and a human finger.
 8. A computer readable storage medium comprising a program product which, when executed by a processor is configured to perform an operation for displaying a radial menu, comprising: receiving an event to display the radial menu, the radial menu comprising a first number of locations for displaying a first number of radial menu items from a predefined sequential list of radial menu items, the predefined sequential list comprising a second number of radial menu items, wherein the second number is greater than the first number; in response to receiving event, displaying the radial menu, wherein each location of the first number of locations comprises a radial menu item from the predefined sequential list of radial menu items; receiving a gesture of a screen pointer, wherein the gesture activates a radial menu item displayed in the radial menu; and in response to the activation of the radial menu item, displaying at least one of a predefined number of radial menu items located before the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items and a predefined number of radial menu items located after the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items at one or more of the locations for displaying radial menu items.
 9. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein displaying the radial menu comprises displaying radial menu items having the highest probability of being selected at the locations for displaying radial menu items.
 10. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the gesture activates a plurality of radial menu items displayed in the radial menu, wherein the plurality of radial menu items are activated in a sequential order corresponding to the sequence of radial menu items in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items.
 11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the operation further comprises displaying a first list of radial menu items in a display screen comprising the radial menu, the first list comprising sequential radial menu items from the predefined sequential list that are before the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu.
 12. The computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein the operation further comprises displaying a second list of radial menu items in the display screen, the second list comprising sequential radial menu items from the predefined sequential list that are after the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu.
 13. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the operation further comprises updating the first list and the second list each time the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu are changed.
 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the screen pointer is one of a mouse pointer, a stylus pen, and a human finger.
 15. A system, comprising: a memory comprising a program; and a processor which, when executing the program is configured to: receive an event to display the radial menu, the radial menu comprising a first number of locations for displaying a first number of radial menu items from a predefined sequential list of radial menu items, the predefined sequential list comprising a second number of radial menu items, wherein the second number is greater than the first number; in response to receiving event, display the radial menu, wherein each location of the first number of locations comprises a radial menu item from the predefined sequential list of radial menu items; receive a gesture of a screen pointer, wherein the gesture activates a radial menu item displayed in the radial menu; and in response to the activation of the radial menu item, display at least one of a predefined number of radial menu items located before the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items and a predefined number of radial menu items located after the activated radial menu item in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items at one or more of the locations for displaying radial menu items.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to display radial menu items having the highest probability of being selected at the locations for displaying radial menu items in response to receiving the event.
 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the gesture activates a plurality of radial menu items displayed in the radial menu, wherein the plurality of radial menu items are activated in a sequential order corresponding to the sequence of radial menu items in the predefined sequential list of radial menu items.
 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to display a first list of radial menu items in a display screen comprising the radial menu, the first list comprising sequential radial menu items from the predefined sequential list that are before the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu.
 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the processor is further configured to display a second list of radial menu items in the display screen, the second list comprising sequential radial menu items from the predefined sequential list that are after the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu.
 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured update the first list and the second list each time the radial menu items displayed in the radial menu are changed. 